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| Before
Treatment |
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| After
Treatment |
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Botulinum
toxin is a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium
Clostridium botulinum. It is used in very small
doses to block certain muscle contractions and spasms.
In 2002, the FDA announced the approval of botulinum
toxin type A (BOTOX Cosmetic) to temporarily improve
the appearance of moderate-to-severe frown lines
between the eyebrows (glabellar lines). Botox is
now commonly used to treat wrinkles on the forehead,
around the eyes and mouth, and on the neck. BTX-A
has also been approved for the treatment of excessive
sweating (hyperhidrosis).
Botox
is also used for:
| • |
migraine headaches |
| • |
cervical dystonia (a
neuromuscular disorder involving the head
and neck) |
| • |
blepharospasm (involuntary
contraction of the eye muscles) |
| • |
strabismus |
| • |
axillary hyperhidrosis
(excessive sweating) |
| • |
urinary incontinence
|
| • |
anal fissure |
| • |
spastic disorders related
to injury or disease of the central nervous
system (trauma, stroke, multiple sclerosis,
cerebral palsy) |
| • |
focal dystonias affecting
the limbs, face, jaw, or vocal cords |
| • |
temporomandibular joint
(TMJ) pain disorders |
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